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| Oil Drilling |
In the manufacture of wells in the oil can not be removed
from the tool, called the Rig. The rig itself is a series of special equipment
used to drill a well or wells accessor. The rig was characterized by a tower
made of steel that can be used to raise and lower tubular pipes on wells. Based
on its location. The rig itself is divided into two kinds, namely:
1.
Land Rig. a rig operating in the mainland and
distinguished on the big rig and a small rig. In the small rig usually used
only for simple work like Well Service or Work Over. Meanwhile, the big rig can
be used for drilling operations, both vertical and directional. Onshore rig
itself is designed as a portable so it can be easy to do the demolition and
installation and will be carried by trucks. For areas that are difficult to
reach, can use heliportable.
2.
Offshore Rig, a rig operated on the
surface of the water like an ocean, marshes, rivers, lakes, and river deltas.
From Rig Marine (Offshore Rig) itself is
divided into various types based on the depth of water, namely:
a.
Swamp Barge: is a type of sea rig that only at a
maximum depth of 7 meters. And, very often used in swamps and river deltas.
This type of rig is done in a way to mobilize the rig to the well, and then
drowned by filling Ballast Tanksnya with water. In this type of rig, the
drilling process is performed after sitting rig towing and towing stuck Cannya
Spud.
b.
Tender Barge, a type of sea rig similar to the
model Swamp Barge, but used at deeper depths.
c.
Jack Up Rig, rig of this type using a platform
that can float using three or four feet. The legs on this rig can be raised and
lowered, so as to operate all legs should be lowered to the seabed. Then, the body
of the rig was lifted up above the water level and has a shape like a platform.
To do the migration, all legs should be increased and the body will float
rig and towed by boat. In the drilling operation using a rig of this type
can reach a depth of five to 200 meters. This rig consists of a barge that is
supported by several feet of steel. These rigs floating or cariied to the
location. At a predetermined location. Rig crew will operate the rig steel legs
down to touch the bottom of the sea. After the steel feet firmly set down to
the sea floor, then the barge will be raised up to a few meters above sea
level.
d.
Drilling Jacket, is a kind of rig that uses a
steel-structured platform. Generally has a smaller form and is very fit in the
shallow sea and the sea is calm. This type of rig is often combined with Jack
Up Rig and Tender Barge.
e.
Semi-Submersible Rig, type of rig is often
called "semis" This is a model of floating rigs (Flooded or
Ballasted) that uses Hull or some kind of foot. This rig can be established
using mooring ropes and anchors that fixed position above the sea level. By
using the Thruster (a sort of propeller) were hanging around, and Ballast
Control System, this system running using the computer so that the rig is
able to dynamically adjust its position and at levels above the water as
desired. These rigs are often used if Jack Up Rig is not able to reach the
surface of the seafloor. Because this type of rig is very stable, the rig is
often used in a great location choppy and had bad weather, and at depths of 90
to 750 meters.
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