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| Crude Oil |
The search process is petroleum
The search process (exploration) of oil from the bowels of
the earth made by geologists. Modern ways are used by geologists in the search
for oil using satellite imaging and analyzing the surface rocks. After
performing various geological analysis and stated that there is no oil at the
site then the next task is taken over by Geophysicists.
Geophysicists studying the physical properties of the soil.
Various methods were used in this stage to support the results that have been
obtained by geologists. Equipment used for the search of petroleum such as
Gravimetry (to measure the flow of oil because of slight variations in gravity
of the earth), magnetometry (to measure changes in the magnetic field due to
the flow of oil), and Sniffers in the form of electronic device used to detect
the odor of hydrocarbons. The most commonly used is seismology.
The workings of seismology to look for petroleum.
Seismology can be used to search for oil reserves both on
land and at sea. The main part that triggers vibration seismology and signal
receiver. No vibration triggers such as Compressed-air gun (specially used for
offshore exploration), Thumper truck (for esplorasi oil on the mainland), and
explosives.
Sound or vibration generated by Thumper truck radiating the
signal or sound waves, the signal will be re-reflected back by boundaries
between different rock layers captured by geophones, data is then sent to a
truck that serves as the control center. By detecting the reflection of the
experts could draw a map can describe the composition of the rocks beneath the
surface of the earth to find oil reserves.
The process of oil drilling
If the petroleum reserves positively on a location then
start doing the drilling process. Here is part of part of the apparatus rig
used to drill on land.
1. Hoist attachment (1), Derrick (2), Traveling block (3),
Hook (4), Injection head (5), Mud injection column (6), Turntable driving the
drilling pipes (6) Winches (7) , Motors (8), Mud pump (9), Mud pit (10),
Drilling pipe (11), Cement retaining the casing (12), casing (13), Drill string
(14), Drilling tool (15).
2. The rig used to drill to a depth of 2000 to
4000 meters but some are up to 6000 meters. The rig is equipped drill bit with
a diameter of 20 to 50 centimeters. The rotating drill bit
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